Some definitions of Emotion
   
· General Definitions
Gran Enciclopedia Catalana

[c. 1800; from the Fr. émotion, derived from émouvoir 'excite' (ll. vg. *exmovere, cl. emovere 'place in movement') based on b. ll. emotio, -onis, id.]

f PSIC State of mind ranging between pleasure and displeasure and the reaction to the object that induces it, which may range between attraction and avoidance.
 
Diccionari Institut Estudis Catalans
Excitation of mood by a feeling of pleasure, pity, love, hate, fear, etc.
 
Real Academia Española
Sudden stirring of the emotions.
 
· Scientific Definitions
Psychology (TERMCAT)
Affective reaction usually caused by an external factor and which is manifest by a more or less visible organic commotion. 
 
Psychiatry (TERMCAT)
Affective feeling normally caused by a situation, thought or image, which momentarily but abruptly changes the psychophysical state of the mind of the person.
 
Medicine (Diccionari enciclopèdic de medicina)
Affective process and state that reveals both a subjective way of facing reality and a determined content of consciousness. This content is characterised by a current state of mind ranging between pleasure and displeasure and the reaction to the object that induces it, which may range between attraction and avoidance. Emotion involves physiological reactions: the diencephalus and the vegetative system are affected, and the perceptive field becomes narrower and darker.
 
· Philosophical definitions
Dictionary of Philosophy (Dagobert D. Runes, 1942)
In the widest sense emotion applies to all affective phenomena including the familiar '"passions" of love, anger, fear, etc. as well as the feelings of pleasure and pain. See Affect. -- L.W.
 
The Ism Book
emotionalism (Doctrine or Principle in ethics and epistemology) — Emotionalism refers to any theory of knowledge that considers emotion to be the basic valid means of knowledge (cf. intuitionism), or more commonly to an ethical theory that is based on emotion rather than reason (often having connotations of nihilism or irrationalism). In popular discource the word "emotionalist" tends to be used to characterize those who are hypersensitive, over-emotional, or even irrational.
 
  ART AND THOUGHT
   
Plató (427 – 347 aC, philosopher)
"The human body is the chariot; and the Ego is the man steering it; the thoughts are the reins and the horses are the feelings."

Aristòtil (384 – 322 aC, philosopher)
“Emotion is a movement of the sensitive apparatus with a corporeal mutation from the natural to the unnatural state”

Marco Tulio Ciceró (106 – 43 aC, politician and orator)
"We must not only pay attention to what we say, but also to what we feel and why we feel it."

Lucio Anneo Sèneca (4 aC – 65 dC, quaestor, forensic scientist and philosopher)
"A man without passions is so close to stupidity that he need only open his mouth to fall into it.."

Fray Luis de León (1527 – 1591, humanist, teacher and poet)
“There are no words in the language for the feelings of the soul."

Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662, philosopher, physicist and mathematician)
"Two excesses: excluding reason and admitting nothing other than reason."

John Ray (1628 – 1705, naturalist, philosopher and theologist)
"Seeing is believing, but feeling is being sure."

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778, philosopher)
"If reason makes the man, feeling leads him."

Jaume Llucià Balmes (1810 – 1848, philosopher, theologist and mathematician)
"Reason is a monarch doomed to continually struggle with rebellious passions."

Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (1828 – 1893, philosopher, critical and historian)
"Man does not rise with an idea, but with a feeling."

León Tolstoi (1828 – 1910, writer)
"Reason becomes an adult and grows old; the heart always remains a child."

Ippolito Nievo (1831 – 1861, writer)
"Reason becomes an adult and grows old; the heart always remains a child"

Ambrose Gwinett Bierce (1842 – 1914, journalist and writer)
"Reasoning: weighing up probabilities on the balance of desire."

Rabindranath Tagore (1861 – 1941, writer)
"An understanding that is all logic is like a knife that is all blade, it cuts its holder's hand."

Eugeni d’Ors (1882 – 1954, philosopher and essayist)
"Reason is also a passion."

Gibran Kahlil Gibran (1883 – 1931, poet, philosopher and painter)
"Where can I find a man governed by reason and not by habits and desires?"

David Herbert Lawrence (1885 – 1930, writer)
"From birth, education instils a repertoire of ready-made emotions in us: not only what we are allowed to feel or not, but also how to feel the few emotions we are allowed."

Jean Cocteau (1889 – 1963, writer, cinema producer and painter)
"Feel before you understand."
Aldous Leonard Huxley (1894 – 1963, writer)
"A truth without interest may be be eclipsed by an exciting falsehood."

Elizabeth Taylor (1932, actress)
"Ideas move the world only once they have been transformed into feelings"

Antonio López García (1936, painter)
"Emotion brings us closer to reality, which is infinite and diverse."

Vanessa Redgrave (1937, actress)
"Feeling fills the gaps of ignorance."

 
  SCIENCE
   
The theory of emotion of William James and Carl Lange
“The emotional experience depends on the perception of body changes, which are the consequences of nervous system reflexes (we feel sad because we cry and we feel fear because we tremble). This theory conditions emotional experience on the perception of physiological changes

Carl Georg Lange (1834 – 1900, physicist and psychologist)
“We owe the whole emotional part of our life to our vasomotor system.”

William James (1842 – 1910, psychologist and sociologist)
(Nuances on the theory of emotion)
The assessment of a situation as relevant affects the emotional response, together with the perception of body changes.

Gustave Le Bon (1841 – 1931, psychologist and sociologist)
"A man who seeks to act guided by reason alone is doomed to act strangely."

Gregorio Marañón (1887 – 1960, doctor, writer and historian)
“(...) there is no doubt that the topic is newsworthy and of interest, that the world is going through one of the deepest crises and that, like the ones that preceded it, an immense passional - i.e., emotive state - agitates mankind. It may be said that the heart of most easy-going inhabitant in the world becomes agitated several times a day, both through the grim news in the newspaper or the nighttime shows which producers advertise as 'exciting', because they know that this adjective is the best lure for many people, who never have a surfeit of passional commotion (...) thus, if we all have our own wealth of experience of emotion and live enslaved by it, why should we not stop to think about what it actually is?” Gestalt Theory “The subject is the result of their sensorial and emotional experience

Carlos Castilla del Pino (1922, psychiatrist and writer)
"Feelings are the instruments the subject has to be interested in objects around them. Without feelings we would be practically pieces of furniture."

Antonio R. Damasio (1944, neurologist)

“Curious forms of adaptation that are part of the machinery with which organisms regulate their survical (...) emotions (...) are mechanisms of adjustment of life embedded between the basic pattern of survival and the mechanisms of higher reason. Emotions are always related to homeostasis and survival.... They are inseparable from the states of pleasure and pain, reward and punishment.”